阶段2Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma staging varies by万博专业版间皮瘤类型。Pleural mesothelioma is the only form with its own widely accepted staging system. Other forms of万博专业版可以使用更通用的癌症分期系统进行上演。

02. Stage 2 Symptoms

2期间皮瘤的症状是什么？万博专业版

第2阶段间皮瘤症万博专业版状可能开始温和，但随着疾病的发展可能会恶化。症状取决于癌症在体内形成的位置。由于症状的轻度和多样性，早期万博专业版间皮瘤经常被误诊As more common conditions.

阶段2Mesothelioma Symptoms*

• Abdominal pain
• Chest pain
• 慢性咳嗽
• 呼吸急促（呼吸困难）
• Fever
• Unexplained weight loss

_{*清单是普通胸膜，腹膜，心心和睾丸症状的组合}

如果患者有症状，他们认为可能是由间皮瘤引起的，则应立即与医生联系。万博专业版调查早期症状，甚至次要症状，都会导致早期发现并改善预后。

03. Stage 2 Types

第2阶段间皮瘤按万博专业版类型

当诊断出恶性间皮瘤患者时，医生进行了各种基于成像的测试。万博专业版这些测试使医生能够识别疾病的位置和状态。

阶段2胸膜间皮瘤万博专业版

恶性胸膜间皮瘤万博专业版is the most common type of the cancer. Due to its prevalence, there are three staging systems doctors may use to determine disease progression. These include:

• TNM系统
• 杨百翰的舞台系统
• 屠夫系统

医师最常使用TNM系统进行胸膜间皮瘤。万博专业版该系统考虑肿瘤的大小和程度，受影响的淋巴结的数量和转移（扩散）。

阶段2胸膜间皮瘤特征万博专业版

• 万博专业版间皮瘤肿瘤在胸膜（肺部衬里）中出现，但仅在体内的一侧。
• 癌细胞可能已扩散到相邻的肺，隔膜和附近的淋巴结中。
• There is no distant metastasis.

阶段2Peritoneal Mesothelioma

腹膜间皮瘤万博专业版is the second most common form of the disease. However, there is not a widely accepted peritoneal mesothelioma staging system. Mesothelioma doctors may use the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI). This staging system is used to stage a variety of abdominal cancers.

使用PCI，医生根据肿瘤的数量和大小为腹部的区域进行评分。总分数决定了阶段。

第2阶段腹膜间皮瘤特征万博专业版

• 阶段2peritoneal cancer has a PCI score of 11 – 20.
• The cancer may have metastasized (spread) to nearby organs, tissues and/or lymph nodes.
• There is no involvement of distant organs.

阶段2Pericardial Mesothelioma

Pericardial mesothelioma占所有间皮瘤诊断的1-2％。万博专业版由于这种稀有性，心包中皮瘤没有自己的分期系统。万博专业版医生通常在疾病后期诊断心包中皮瘤。万博专业版

阶段2睾丸间皮瘤万博专业版

在睾丸中，所有间皮瘤病例中只有不到1％。万博专业版关于分期的信息有限睾丸间皮瘤万博专业版。但是，研究表明，晚期疾病与生存不良有关。

04. Stage 2 Prognosis

阶段2Mesothelioma Prognosis

在第2阶段诊断出的患者通常会更有利prognosisthan those diagnosed in later stages of mesothelioma. In the early stages, the disease is still localized and can often be addressed with aggressive treatment, such as surgery.

预后can be affected by a variety of factors, including patient age, gender, overall health, cancer type and cell type.

Factors Influencing Stage 2 Mesothelioma Prognosis

• 肿瘤位置：阶段2peritoneal mesothelioma and pleural mesothelioma typically have more favorable prognoses when compared to pericardial and testicular mesothelioma.
• Cell type:阶段2epithelioid mesotheliomahas a more favorable prognosis than stage 2sarcomatoid或双相间皮瘤。万博专业版
• 患者年龄：Younger stage 2 mesothelioma patients often have a more favorable prognosis than older patients.
• Overall health:阶段2patients with good overall health and no pre-existing conditions typically have a more favorable prognosis than those in poor health.

阶段2间皮瘤预期万博专业版寿命

Mesothelioma life expectancy是对患者有多长时间治疗多长时间的估计。除阶段外，其他因素还会影响预期寿命，包括间皮瘤类型，细胞类型和性别。万博专业版对于早期间皮瘤而言，预期寿命很难万博专业版测量，因为患者经常在研究长度上生存。

第2阶段间皮瘤存万博专业版活率

Mesothelioma studies typically gather survival statistics based on survival rates and median survival. Survival rate is the percentage of patients that survive for a given period of time following diagnosis.万博专业版间皮瘤存活率通常以2年和5年的分数提供。中位生存是50％的患者还活着的时候。这些统计数据可以很好地估计预后。

第2阶段胸皮间皮瘤生存统计万博专业版

• The 2-year survival rate for stage 2 pleural mesothelioma is 39%.
• 2期胸膜间皮瘤的5年生存率为9％。万博专业版
• The median survival for stage 2 pleural mesothelioma is 19 months (compared to 16 months for stage 3).

阶段2Peritoneal Mesothelioma Survival Statistics

• 2期腹膜间皮瘤的2年生存率为64％。万博专业版
• The 5-year survival rate for stage 2 peritoneal mesothelioma is 53%.
• 第2期腹膜间皮瘤的中位生存期为67个月（相比之下，第3阶段为56个月）。万博专业版

万博专业版间皮瘤统计，，，，such as survival rate, are based on studies of many patients. This data can provide doctors and patients with a better understanding of the disease. However, each diagnosis is unique. Patients should discuss their prognosis with their doctors.

05.可以治愈吗？

Can Stage 2 Mesothelioma Be Cured?

没有间皮瘤的阶段被认为可万博专业版以治愈。但是，早期诊断提供了最有利的预后。如果在第1阶段或第2阶段被诊断出，患者通常更健康，并且能够更好地承受侵略性治疗。在早期阶段，手术治疗可能更有效，因为癌症仍在定位。通过治疗，患者可能会在数月或数年的时间内超过预后。

Long-Term Survivorship After Stage 2 Mesothelioma Diagnosis

Mesothelioma researchers继续测试早期和晚期间皮瘤患者的治疗方法。万博专业版

06. Stage 2 Treatment

阶段2间皮瘤治疗万博专业版

万博专业版间皮瘤治疗计划对于2阶段的患者，通常由多模式方法组成。多模式间皮瘤治疗万博专业版通常结合手术，化学疗法和/或放射线。但是，多模式治疗将因单个情况而异。

In patients with no distant metastasis (spreading), physicians can often use aggressive therapies. These treatment plans attempt to remove as much of the cancer as possible. However, some stage 2 patients may have risk factors that limit their treatment options.

第2阶段间皮瘤治万博专业版疗选择

• 外科手术
• 化学疗法
• 放射治疗
• 临床试验

外科手术

对于2阶段患者，手术试图去除受间皮瘤影响的尽可能多的区域。万博专业版在此阶段诊断的患者可能会经历extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP)，，，，pleurectomy with decortication (P/D)或者腹膜切除。

• Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) involves the removal of one lung and surrounding tissues.
• Pleurectomy with decortication (P/D) involves the removal of the lung lining and cancerous tissue, without lung removal.
• 腹膜切除术,其peritonectomy等lve the removal of cancerous tissue from the abdominal cavity.

化学疗法

For stage 2 patients, chemotherapy is usually administered prior to a main treatment type (neoadjuvantly) or after the main therapy (adjuvantly). When used in one of these two ways, chemotherapy helps to kill cancer cells that may remain after surgery.

In the early stages of mesothelioma, peritoneal patients may be eligible for surgery combined with a heated chemotherapy wash, orHIPEC。这种治疗方式将5年生存率提高到约50％。

放射治疗

辐射可以在手术前或手术后进行。这种疗法可防止按外科手术进行间皮瘤细胞的扩散或复发。万博专业版

• 研究表明，辅助放射疗法可以改善1阶段和第2期胸膜间皮瘤患者的存活率。万博专业版
• 一项研究The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center发现用辅助辐射治疗的2阶段2患者中有超过50％的生存率达到了24个月的存活率。
• 相比之下，接受辅助辐射治疗的3阶段患者中有25％达到了24个月的存活率。

临床试验

阶段2patients may be eligible for emerging treatments through clinical trials. Some patients experience extended life expectancies from emerging treatments, such asphotodynamic therapy和immunotherapy。

Palliative treatments也可能伴随标准疗法。第2阶段患者可以接受这些疗法以减轻间皮瘤癌症的症状。万博专业版姑息治疗还可以治疗传统疗法（例如化学疗法）引起的症状。