01. Overview
How Does Mesothelioma Metastasize?
Mesothelioma cancer can spread through the body a number of ways, much like other types of cancer spread in the body at more advanced stages. The spreading of mesothelioma cells can be considered localized, regional or distant, depending on which tissues or organs the cancer cells can be found.
Mesothelioma, along with other types of cancer, can metastasize by:
- Cancerous cells invading nearby healthy tissue
- Traveling through nearby blood vessels or lymph nodes
- Moving through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to more distant organs
- Causing new blood vessels to grow (angiogenesis), allowing the cancer cells to grow and develop more tumors
The cancerous cells could potentially spread anywhere, though metastatic mesothelioma is often associated with spreading to certain areas of the body depending on the origin of the tumors (pleural, peritoneal or pericardial).
02.转移类型
Mesothelioma Metastasis by Type
间皮瘤的类型是确定疾病如万博专业版何进展的最重要因素之一。取决于类型，疾病更可能在特定的器官或组织中产生次级肿瘤，基于肿瘤起源于身体的位置。
Pleural Mesothelioma Metastasis
Malignant pleural mesothelioma首先在肺的衬里中发展，是唯一可以通过特定分期系统更容易地定义的唯一型号的间皮瘤。万博专业版根据最常用的分期系统之一，肿瘤节点转移（TNM）系统，转移在很大程度上，当疾病已经进入第3阶段或第4阶段时，甚至患者甚至在第2阶段似乎也可能出现一些局部蔓延。
While the metastasis to these nearby and distant organs and tissues is rather commonly associated with these stages of the cancer, doctors have also seen pleural mesothelioma spread into other specific organs. One particular clinical study gathered data for 165 malignant pleural mesothelioma patients from 1992 to 2016. Researchers were able to analyze some of these common local and distant metastases.
局部转移在很大程度上包括肺的条件，如胸腔积液，或者向其他肺部蔓延。在更加局部层面，研究人员还注意到胸壁蔓延，甚至影响心脏衬里（心包）的衬里甚至超过30％。
尽管远处转移一般被认为更少,the researchers also noted that 20% of the patients experienced bone metastases and 15% had metastases to other visceral organs, most commonly the liver. Symptomatic brain metastases were also recorded in 3% of patients. While these are certainly less common areas of the body impacted by mesothelioma progression, it’s important for patients to be aware of the possibility and keep in mind any correlatingmesothelioma symptoms。
Peritoneal Mesothelioma Metastasis
The second most common type of mesothelioma develops in the linings of the abdomen.Peritoneal mesothelioma没有一个特定的分期系统,虽然做什么ctors often are still able to refer to more general cancer stages to define the disease. Some also rely on the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) to essentially grade the size of the tumors based on different regions of the abdomen. Like with pleural mesothelioma, metastasis is generally associated with stage 3 and stage 4 of the disease, but there still may be some localized spreading by stage 2.
While researchers have found that metastasis of peritoneal mesothelioma generally still largely affects the abdomen and more regional organs, there have been cases where the cancer has spread more widely through the body. Peritoneal mesothelioma metastasis isn’t as well understood or documented as pleural mesothelioma, as there are only about 500 new cases each year.
Some common areas of the body that develop secondary tumors from peritoneal mesothelioma include:
- Adrenal glands
- Liver
- Spleen
- Kidneys
- 隔膜
Researchers have also found instances of peritoneal mesothelioma metastasizing to the bones and brain, though this is even rarer than with pleural mesothelioma. Secondary tumors are most common in nearby organs, as well as occasionally developing in the pericardium or pleural cavities.
Pericardial Mesothelioma Metastasis
不幸的是，不太了解心包间皮瘤万博专业版一般来说，因为它是如此罕见。对于面临这种诊断的大多数患者，直到蓬松地没有正确检测到。然而，疾病周围有一些报道，以及它如何在身体中进一步发展，因为它到以后的阶段。
The primary tumors for pericardial mesothelioma develop in the lining of the heart, pericardium. Sometimes pericardial mesothelioma tumors may be secondary from other types of the disease or other cancers.
In some studies, researchers have found the cancer spread to various organs and tissues including:
- Liver
- 胸壁
- Abdominal cavity
- Lungs
- Lymphatic system
在对心包间皮瘤的研究中，研究人员在很大程度上注意到癌万博专业版症如何通过心脏和肺动脉蔓延，这最终可以帮助将癌症传播到其他系统和器官。
Resources for Mesothelioma Patients
03. Factors Impacting Metastasis
Other Factors Impacting Metastasis
除了癌症的类型之外，还有其他信号可以大大影响间皮瘤如何在体内蔓延和发展。万博专业版考虑到一个人诊断的所有这些元素将对患者的预期寿命产生很大影响。
诊断阶段
Though it seems obvious,stage of the diseaseat the time of the mesothelioma diagnosis is one of the most important factors that will indicate if and how the cancer has spread, as well as how it may progress over time. If the disease can be diagnosed at an early stage, patients will see no or minimal metastasis and have a much better survival time.
Cell Type
除了肿瘤起源于身体的地方，还有mesothelioma cell typeassociated with these tumors has a big influence on how the cancer may spread. Epithelioid cells, for instance, can grow and divide quickly, but typically metastasize slowly because the cells stay together in groups. Patients diagnosed withmalignant sarcomatoid mesothelioma, however, face the worst prognosis because these cells have a particularly aggressive growth rate and tend to spread quickly. Biphasic mesothelioma can have a more varied impact on metastasis, depending on if sarcomatoid cells or epithelioid cells are more dominant.
Response to Treatment
考虑到所有这些其他因素，患者的癌症如何应对治疗也可能会影响癌症的影响或继续传播。即使对于在早期患者诊断的患者，如果它们的特定类型对治疗不响应良好（如Sarcomatoid间皮瘤），它们仍然可能面临快速转移，因为间皮瘤是自然侵略性的。万博专业版复发也是间皮瘤的常见，也可以看到这种疾病的更高级进展。万博专业版
04.转移的症状
Symptoms of Metastatic Mesothelioma
With more distant mesothelioma progression, symptoms will become more severe and varied. Patients may experience new symptoms that were either mild before or not present at all. As metastasis continues, the symptoms will likely only continue to worsen.
05. Treating Metastasis
Treating Metastatic Mesothelioma
恶性间皮瘤可能难以在万博专业版任何阶段治疗，没有治愈。在石棉癌症蔓延后，患者可能有更多有限的治疗方案，以延长疾病的生存，提高生活质量。标准间皮瘤治疗万博专业版, like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may still be advised even for patients with metastatic cancer.
患者也可能在临床试验中找到希望，其中一些甚至对那些具有转移性癌症的结果表现出了有希望的结果。万博专业版Mesothelioma专家已经看到了一些成功emerging treatmentslike immunotherapy that have enabled some patients to live well beyond their prognosis.
