01.化学疗法如何治疗间皮瘤万博专业版
化学疗法如何治疗间皮瘤万博专业版
Chemotherapy uses chemicals to kill cancer cells and prevent them from multiplying. As a result, chemotherapy can shrink tumors and limit new tumor growth.
治疗不能狗万1.0 ，但是在组合治疗计划中使用时可能是有效的。化学疗法限制间皮瘤的传播万博专业版may increase patient survival and improve quality of life.
有两种进行化学疗法的方法：全身化疗或腔内化疗。
What Is Systemic Chemotherapy?
全身化疗是通过静脉注射，注射或以药丸形式给予的。然后，化学疗法在整个血液中旅行。
化学疗法药物到达血液流动的身体任何部位。结果，快速生长的细胞（例如毛囊中的细胞和健康的血细胞中的细胞）可能与癌细胞一起死亡。
This type of chemotherapy may produce the most treatment side effects.
什么是卫生部化学疗法？
腔内化疗通常在手术期间进行。医生将化学疗法直接注入肿瘤形成的体腔。为了万博专业版patients, doctors inject chemotherapy into the peritoneal or pleural cavity.
With direct application, this type of chemotherapy has fewer systemic effects. As a result, intracavitary chemotherapy typically has fewer side effects than systemic chemotherapy. Intracavitary chemotherapy also allows oncologists to use much higher doses of chemotherapy.
Patients may hear the term “hyperthermic” in relation to this form of chemo. Chemotherapy administered during surgery is often heated. Researchers have reported heating chemotherapy may increase its effectiveness.
The most common hyperthermic chemotherapy for mesothelioma is HIPEC. This form of chemotherapy is for patients withperitoneal mesothelioma。
02. When Is Chemotherapy Used?
When Is Chemotherapy Used for Mesothelioma?
Patients may receive chemotherapy before or after other间皮瘤治疗万博专业版。
化学疗法可以是一线，二线或三线治疗方法。术语由在mesothelioma diagnosis。
间皮瘤的一线化学疗法治疗万博专业版
The preferred first-line chemotherapy treatment for mesothelioma is a combination of the drugs:
- Platinum-based cisplatin or carboplatin
- Pemetrexed
If patients do not respond to first-line chemotherapy, physicians may try a second-line treatment. These secondary treatments may vary from case to case.
Combining Chemotherapy With Other Mesothelioma Treatments
Chemotherapy is often used as part of amultimodal treatment plan。该疗法可以与surgeryand/or放射治疗。
- When used before surgery, it is neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
- When used after surgery, it is adjuvant chemotherapy.
Currently, researchers are testing chemo for mesothelioma with otheremerging therapies。Chemotherapy has been tested with免疫疗法,肿瘤治疗场和其他实验治疗。这些较新疗法的多模式治疗可能适合某些患者。
Resources for Mesothelioma Patients
03. Receiving Chemotherapy
What Is Receiving Chemotherapy Like?
Each patient’s experience receiving chemotherapy may differ depending on their particular diagnosis and treatment plan. In general, mesothelioma chemo treatments include four distinct steps:
- Consultation:在开始任何间皮瘤化疗疗万博专业版法之前，您将与医生见面并确保化学疗法适合您。医生可以进行血液检查以确定您的资格。
- Prep Work:Ahead of your first chemotherapy session, doctors may prescribe medications. These can limit side effects and any potential complications during treatment.
- 治疗：护士可以监督您的治疗课程。患者之间的剂量和化学疗法周期的时间可能有所不同。
- 治疗后：化学疗法完成后，您将与您的医生预约，讨论治疗的成功程度。
How Is Mesothelioma Chemo Administered to Patients?
Mesothelioma patients receive chemotherapy in cycles. Doctors administer the treatment in this way due to the toxic nature of chemotherapy drugs. Treatment cycles typically last between three and four weeks.
Patients in good health may receive two chemotherapy drugs at once. Those unable to withstand the effects of two drugs may instead receive one.
Patients have a rest period following a cycle. These rests allow healthy cells affected by the chemotherapy drugs to repair themselves.
我有资格接受化学疗法吗？
医生将根据许多因素确定患者的化疗资格。例如，患者的间皮瘤阶段和整体健康状况可能会影响资格。万博专业版万博专业版由于相关副作用，健康状况不佳的间皮瘤患者可能不适合化学疗法治疗。
Because chemotherapy drugs are toxic, they may cause many negative side effects. Chemotherapy drugs impact dividing cells. Rapidly dividing cells, like cancer cells, are most harmed by this treatment. Healthy cells that divide rapidly are also harmed by chemotherapy.
Mesothelioma patients should discuss their chemo eligibility with their doctor.
04. Chemotherapy Drugs
万博专业版间皮瘤化疗药物
Oncologists will determine what chemotherapy drug is best for the patient. A patient’s medical team considers a variety of factors, including side effects. Additionally, mesothelioma specialists may update the prescribed chemotherapy drugs and dosage if the patient doesn’t respond well to treatment.
Pemetrexed (Alimta®)
Pemetrexed, brand name Alimta®, is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs used to treat mesothelioma. Typically, it’s used in combination with a platinum-based drug, such as cisplatin or carboplatin. Pemetrexed has extended patient life expectancies by up to several months.
Cisplatin
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug. The drug is commonly used alongside pemetrexed. Researchers have reported this联合治疗可以延长平均患者生存到12.8个月。单独使用时，平均患者生存率为9个月。无法通过手术切除肿瘤的患者可能会接受顺铂。
卡铂
卡铂is a platinum-based drug. The drug was adapted from cisplatin in the 1980s. Carboplatin typically has fewer side effects than cisplatin and may be a better option for some patients.
Gemcitabine (Gemzar®)
Gemcitabine, brand name Gemzar®, is a less commonly used chemotherapy drug. The drug has been relatively effective in mesothelioma chemotherapy trials. Gemcitabine has been used as a first- or second-line treatment option.
Vinorelbine（Navelbine®）
Vinorelbine，品牌Navelbine®是一种不常见的化学疗法药物，可治疗非小细胞肺癌。研究人员发现该药物在治疗间皮瘤方面有些有效。万博专业版该药物可以是一线或二线治疗方法。
05.化学疗法的类型
Types of Mesothelioma Chemotherapy
Researchers continue to analyze the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs and applications. When determining chemo options, researchers account for万博专业版间皮瘤类型,cell type，患者特征和万博专业版间皮瘤分期。
Mesothelioma Intraoperative Chemotherapy Types
万博专业版间皮瘤研究人员continue to study intraoperative chemotherapy. However, two types have shown success, including intrapleural chemotherapy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Intrapleural Chemotherapy
研究人员发现，胸膜内化疗可以通过外科手术使用。对于间皮万博专业版瘤患者，化疗通常与extrapleural pneumonectomyorpleurectomy。This may increase the effectiveness of surgery and prevent or delay recurrent mesothelioma.
There have been promising reports of using cisplatin and other drugs in this way. However, intrapleural chemotherapy is not yet widely available for mesothelioma. Select癌症中心with expert mesothelioma surgeons currently offer the treatment.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
The most well-known intraperitoneal chemotherapy is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This therapy has shown success in treatment plans for peritoneal mesothelioma. HIPEC is typically performed after surgeries such as peritonectomy or cytoreductive surgery.
As a locally administered treatment, HIPEC doesn’t substantially affect other areas of the body. The treatment often has fewer side effects than systemic chemotherapy. Researchers have reported HIPEC can extendmesothelioma life expectanciesfor some patients.
其他腹膜内化疗类型
除HIPEC外，还有其他腹膜内化学疗法选择：EPIC，NIPEC和PIPAC/PITAC。与HIPEC相比，这些选择是新的，研究人员仍在测试其功效。
06. Chemotherapy Side Effects
Chemotherapy Side Effects
万博专业版间皮瘤患者可能面临许多side effects of chemotherapy treatment。治疗结束时，全身化疗的大多数副作用消退。但是，在某些情况下，副作用可能会持续多年。
Patients should discuss with their medical team when they experience any side effects. The side effects of mesothelioma chemotherapy are typically mild but may be easily managed.
Below we’ve highlighted some of the most common chemo side effects.
- Hair loss:许多化学疗法药物靶向快速生长的健康细胞。由于毛囊细胞迅速生长，因此患者可能会脱发。
- Low blood cell counts:减少的血细胞计数降低了人体的免疫反应。较低的血细胞计数还减少了整个体内氧气的流动。这可能会导致感染，疲劳，易于瘀伤和出血的潜力。
- Chemo brain:化学疗法治疗之前，期间或之后的心理/认知能力的变化。化学大脑可以用rehab, exercise or meditation。
- Nausea/vomiting:当化学疗法药物通过血液传播时，它们会引起恶心和呕吐。通常服用抗Nausea药物。
- 口疮：Mouth sores are an inflammatory reaction. They can also affect chewing, swallowing and taste. Patients can manage mouth sores with pain medication.
Patients should report chemotherapy side effects to their physicians for many reasons, including:
- There may be other chemotherapy drugs with fewer side effects available.
- 副作用可能会深入了解化学疗法的功效。
- There may bepalliative care optionsavailable to help patients manage treatment side effects.
研究人员继续研究新应用的有效性和化学疗法药物在临床试验中的有效性。通过试验，研究人员希望在限制副作用的同时提高化学疗法功效。
在较新的研究中，研究人员发现了结合化疗和免疫疗法药物的成功。HIPEC手术也已成为腹膜间皮瘤的流行疗法。万博专业版
Mesothelioma cancer patients should discuss all treatment options with their doctors to determine the best course of treatment for their case.
