01.在美国的暴露
美国的石棉暴露在美国。
Asbestoshas a long history of use in the U.S., dating back centuries. For years, the toxin was seen as a “miracle” mineral for its accessibility, durability and heat resistance. Because the mineral was prevalent naturally, it was a cheap additive to numerous products as a means of fireproofing.
虽然今天被规定了石棉，但它仍然是not fully banned in the country, putting the public at risk of exposure. Certain states also have a high prevalence of natural asbestos, which could present a risk if disturbed in some way. Select a state below to learn more about the石棉暴露风险。
在美国的石棉曝光
- Alabama
- 阿拉斯加州
- 亚利桑那
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- 康涅狄格州
- Delaware
- Florida
- 乔治亚州
- 夏威夷
- 爱达荷州
- Illinois
- Indiana
- 爱荷华州
- 堪萨斯州
- Kentucky
- 路易斯安那州
- Maine
- Maryland
- 马萨诸塞州
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- 密苏里州
- Montana
- 内布拉斯加州
- Nevada
- 新罕布什尔
- 新泽西州
- 新墨西哥
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- 俄勒冈州
- 宾夕法尼亚州
- 罗德岛
- South Carolina
- 南达科他州
- Tennessee
- 德克萨斯州
- 犹他州
- Vermont
- Virginia
- 华盛顿
- 华盛顿特区。
- West Virginia
- 威斯康星州
- Wyoming
没有对石棉的接触量都被认为是安全的，并且由于其繁重的过去使用，任何人都可能面临风险。石棉仍然仍然在许多旧建筑中，家庭和1980年之前建造的学校，也可以在全国各种行业的无数工作中找到。一些网站甚至被视为Superfund sites由环境保护局（EPA）进行清理计划，以去除危险的石棉和其他毒素。
Until there is a ban and better cleanup efforts across the country to remove the mineral from industry uses and old buildings, understanding where to find asbestos is the best way to prevent exposure and the dangerous diseases it can cause, like万博专业版。
职业石棉在美国曝光暴露
世界各地的研究人员指出most prominent cause of mesothelioma and asbestos exposure occurs on the job.职业石棉曝光is estimated to affect at least 1.3 million Americans each year, with 125 million people globally exposed at work every year.
Asbestos has been utilized heavily across numerousjobsites在行业包括建筑、造船厂、utomotive, industrial plants and more. While occupational exposure is a significant risk across the nation, researchers have noted higher rates in certain states because of the prevalence of more high-risk industries. For example, New Jersey and Michigan have a high incidence of occupational exposure because they have among the most citizens employed in the industrial sector.
Occupational exposure can also put loved ones of workers at risk.二次曝光can occur when workers unknowingly bring home asbestos fibers on their person. One of the most studied instances of secondary asbestos exposure occurred in Libby, Montana and stemmed from the W.R. Grace mine in the city. One study found living with an asbestos worker was among the greatest indicators of pleural abnormalities among Libby residents.
Environmental Exposure
Environmental exposure to asbestos occurs when naturally occurring asbestos is disturbed, often during construction or weathering. Natural asbestos can be found in soil across the United States, most notably in California. If this asbestos becomes disturbed, it can become airborne and put residents near the area at risk of exposure.
In addition to naturally occurring asbestos,含石棉产品在家庭和公共建筑内有助于美国人产生的环境石棉风险。一个关注的领域是asbestos risks in schoolsacross the United States. According to research done by Senator Edward J. Markey from Massachusetts, it is believed that two-thirds of public schools still contain asbestos products. This puts school children, teachers and others working in the buildings across the county at risk of asbestos-related diseases.
用于环境石棉暴露的第三种途径包括从邻近近的石棉矿山或植物的暴露。在明尼苏达州报道，蒙大拿州的W. R. Race Mines的相关接触。来自Libby Mines的受污染的矿石用于明尼阿波利斯的W. R. Grace蛭石加工厂，报告已经注意到居住在植物附近的居民之间的间皮瘤升高的案例数。万博专业版
Resources for Mesothelioma Patients
02. Sites by Region
由地区的石棉站点
While asbestos can be found across the country, the most common sources of exposure vary by region, according to the most common uses of the mineral. For instance, in coastal areas like Louisiana, exposure often occurs inshipyards。相反，内陆和内陆国家，如密苏里或俄亥俄州，曝光风险通常源于chemical plantsoroil refineries。
Asbestos in the Eastern United States
东部的居民生活在331个天然石棉地点。该地点在很大程度上遵循阿巴拉契亚山脉，围绕自然事件建立了更大的城市地区。有一次，美国人因为在石棉地雷就业的承诺而涌向该地区。
In addition to the naturally occurring asbestos on the East Coast, exposure may also occur due to the history of large industry in the region. Asbestos exposure has been reported in shipyards, power plants and in construction areas across the coast. Construction sites are a major issue in larger metropolitan areas on the East Coast, such as New York City and Boston. These eastern cities grew rapidly before hazards related to asbestos were well known and continued to develop during years of peak asbestos usage. The constant updates to accommodate the growing populations creates a high risk for asbestos exposure. During the demolition or reconstruction of aging buildings, asbestos products may be disturbed, putting the workers and residents of the surrounding areas at risk of inhaling asbestos fibers.
Asbestos in the Central United States
Residents of the Central United States are at a lesser risk of exposure to naturally occurring asbestos, since there are only 26 natural asbestos occurrences in the region, fewer than the natural occurrences in just New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The two East Coast states each individually have more than 35 natural occurrences. While naturally occurring asbestos is sparse in the region, residents are still at risk of other sources of exposure. For example, occupational exposure is common in oil refineries, like Citgo Petroleum Illinois, andpower plants，像堪萨斯州伯灵顿的狼溪核发电站。
Central states with ports and shipyards, like Texas, also may experience asbestos exposure due to the use of the mineral aboard vessels. Additionally, Texans may experience asbestos exposure on military bases, where again asbestos has been employed in construction of the bases and海军shipsin the past.Veterans例如，谁可以在奥斯汀的伯格斯特罗斯空军基地（Corpus Christi）中的海军站在奥斯汀的空军基地供应，这可能在其服务期间经历过石棉暴露。
Asbestos in the Western United States
In total, there are more than 450 natural asbestos occurrences in the western United States, which includes the southwestern United States, California, Washington and Oregon. The region has varying numbers of natural asbestos occurrences depending on the state. For example, California has 290 natural occurrences of asbestos, while Oregon and Washington have just 51 natural occurrences between the two states.
与其他地区类似，职业石棉暴露是美国西部居民的巨大风险。来自船厂，港口，铁路或制造业工作的地区的美国人应讨论其职业石棉与其医疗保健提供者的风险。公司from the region known to have exposed their employees to asbestos include:
- Cascade General Shipyard in Oregon
- Cholla发电厂在亚利桑那州
- Los Angeles and Pacific Railway Company in California
- Stauffer Chemical in Utah
Asbestos exposure can happen to Americans living in any of the 50 states. Those who may have come into contact with the toxin should contact a medical professional and have a discussion about their exposure history. A primary care physician will be able to direct patients to万博专业版间皮瘤医生在他们的状态下，如有必要。
