01. Shipyard History
History
1891年至1997年，伯利恒钢质麻雀造船厂在马里兰州的麻雀点运营。
The shipyard was first established by Maryland Steel Company. It was originally used for building tug boats, coastal passenger vessels, dredges, cargo ships anddestroyers。
In 1916, Bethlehem Steel Corporation purchased Maryland Steel Company and took over Sparrows Point Shipyard. During WWII, Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard constructed ships to help rebuild the British Merchant Navy. It also built commercial ships. At this time, the shipyard employed 8,000 shipyard workers and built 101 vessels.
伯利恒钢铁公司麻雀Shipyar点d continued to be active from the 1950s through the 1970s. During this period, many ships were built at the shipyard, including tankers, freighters and container ships.
In 1970, Sparrows Point Shipyard began to make improvements to their facilities with new buildings and a new flexible building basin.
Shipbuilding began to decline in the 1980s. In 1982, Bethlehem Steel closed its Baltimore Yards location and moved all shipbuilding, conversion and repairs to Sparrow Point. In 1997, Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard was sold to Baltimore Marine Industries Inc., which closed in 2003 due to bankruptcy. Today, the Sparrows Point Shipyard location is part of a 3,300-acre logistics center called Tradepoint Atlantic.
伯利恒钢铁公司麻雀Shipyar点d History At-a-Glance
- Other Names:Sparrows Point, Sparrows Point Shipyard
- Location:Sparrows Point, Maryland, where the Chesapeake Bay meets the east side of the Patapsco River
- Owner(s):Maryland Steel Company, Bethlehem Steel Corporation
- 运营年：1891 – 1997
- 战时操作:第一次世界大战（第二次世界大战），第二次世界大战（第二次世界大战）
- Number of Employees:8,000 during WWII
- Size of Shipyard:200英亩
- Noteworthy Ships:USS Tolovana, USS Chipola, USS Severn, USS Nantahala, USS Adair, SS Ancon/SS Shawmut, USNS Maury, USNS Tanner
- 建造/维修的船只类型：Tugs, coastal passenger vessels, dredges, cargo ships, destroyers, tankers, dry bulk carriers, freighters, container ships, oceanographic survey ships
Many workers at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard were potentially exposed to asbestos. Workers’ loved ones may have also experiencedsecondhand exposure。结果，许多人患有与石棉有关的疾病，例如asbestosis,asbestos lung cancer,pleural mesotheliomaandperitoneal mesothelioma。People who developed an asbestos-related disease may beeligible for compensation。
著名的船只建造和修理
Hundreds of ships were built at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard. Shipbuilding activities at Sparrows Point largely focused on naval vessels and commercial ships. Two notable U.S. Navy ships constructed at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard include the USS Nantahala and USS Adair. Both were active in the Pacific during WWII.
USS Nantahala
1943年，纳尔塔哈拉号（USS Nantahala）于1943年在伯利恒钢铁（Brethlehem Steel Sparrows Point）造船厂放置。战争结束后，她在世界各地进行了加油和补给行动。1950年，南塔哈拉号航空母舰被退役，进入了太平洋预备队的舰队。同年再次对该船推荐。
In 1956, she replenished close to 100 ships during the Suez Crisis. The USS Nantahala supported ships during multiple unsettled situations in the Caribbean throughout the 1960s and was decommissioned in 1973. The USS Nantahala was scrapped in 1975.
The Navy required asbestos use on its vessels during the time of the USS Nantahala’s construction and repairs. As a result, anyone who worked on, served aboard or scrapped the ship is at risk of developing an asbestos-related disease.
阿黛尔号航空母舰
The USS Adair was originally laid down as the USS Exchester at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard in 1943. As an attack transport vessel, the USS Adair participated in attacks against Japan during WWII. Notably, this included the invasion of Okinawa. During and after the war, she transported many troops to various locations across the Pacific. The USS Adair earned two battle stars during WWII.
The USS Adair was placed out of commission in 1946. The ship was sold in 1947 to American Export Lines Inc. of New York City and was refitted for mercantile service. She then served as the SS Express for two decades with American Export Lines Inc. and Mutual Steamship Operating Co.
Shipbuilders used asbestos frequently in construction, repairs and refitting during the life of the USS Adair. Anyone who worked on or boarded her as the USS Exchester, USS Adair or SS Express may be at risk of developing mesothelioma.
02.造船厂石棉使用
Asbestos Use at the Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard
Asbestos has properties ideal forbuilding ships。It is highly resistant to heat, fire and physical breakdown. Thus, shipbuilders usedasbestosto decrease fire and combustion risks associated with heavy, dangerous equipment.
伯利恒钢铁公司麻雀Shipyar点d was active from 1891 to 1997. During this time, asbestos use was very common. At Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard, asbestos was used as insulation in walls, boilers, incinerators and around pipes. As a result, workers came in contact with many products that put them at risk ofasbestos-related diseases。
Asbestos Exposure at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard
平民工人和兵役成员在船厂和船上工作。从1930年代到1980年代，造船厂和造船厂使用了大量石棉。因此，U.S. Navy veterans伯利恒钢铁麻雀点造船厂的平民工人面临石棉暴露和发展的高风险malignant mesothelioma cancer。
Those who helped maintain or repair tugs, coastal passenger vessels, dredges, cargo ships, destroyers, tankers, dry bulk carriers, freighters, container ships and oceanographic survey ships also faced these risks. The heavy use of the dangerous mineral, along with poor ventilation on ships, led to frequentasbestos exposure。For example, insulators were exposed through installation and maintenance work.
Although asbestos use ceased at shipyards by the 1980s, workers and visitors may still risk exposure today. Asbestos materials may still be found on ships built before the 1980s and older equipment at shipyards. Working with asbestos insulation, repairing old boilers and other shipyard duties put individuals at risk of exposure.
03. Asbestos Lawsuits
石棉诉讼和定居点
Anyone who was onsite at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard and came in contact with asbestos products is at risk of developing asbestos diseases such as mesothelioma and asbestos cancer. These individuals have many赔偿的选择。
Asbestos product companiesare responsible for exposing people to asbestos. The legal status of these companies can affect what compensation is available to victims. A万博专业版间皮瘤律师can help victims determine if a lawsuit, settlement,VA claimand/or trust fund claim (or a combination of these) is the best compensation option.
Holding Asbestos Companies Responsible
Some companies that producedasbestos productsare still viable. This means the company hasn’t filed for bankruptcy. Thus, individuals canfile asbestos lawsuitsagainst that company. These lawsuits could end in verdicts or定居点。
For example, people using or working around air compressors fromGardner Denver, Inc.were exposed to asbestos. The air compressors were often located in engine rooms exposing anyone working on engines, boilers, evaporators, switchboards and any other equipment located in the engine rooms.
Goulds Pumps, Inc.is another viable company that wrongfully exposed shipyard workers to asbestos through their pumps. Goulds Pumps was acquired by ITT Industries, Inc. in 1997, but continues to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of ITT Industries.
一些受害者已针对这些公司提起诉讼。
04. Filing Asbestos Claims
Asbestos Company Trusts
After exposing many people to asbestos and dealing with the associated claims, more than 100 companies have filed for bankruptcy since the 2000s. As part of their bankruptcy filings, many of theseasbestos companies创建石棉信托基金to compensate current and future victims of asbestos diseases.
Many Navy veterans, shipyard workers and others have developed asbestos-related illnesses after在工作中的石棉暴露。Victims can seek compensation by filing a claim against the responsible asbestos manufacturer’s trust fund.
石棉公司信托基金和合格的就业年限
The following companies provided asbestos products to Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard. After facing many asbestos lawsuits and exposing innocent people to asbestos, these companies filed for bankruptcy and created trusts to pay victims. If an individual worked at Bethlehem Steel Sparrows Point Shipyard and developed a disease such as mesothelioma, they may be able tofile a mesothelioma claimagainst these companies’ trusts.
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|---|---|---|
| Asbestos Company Name | Eligibility Start Date | Eligibility End Date |
| AC&S, Inc. | 1/1/1961 | 1982年12月31日 |
| A.P. Green | 1/1/1963 | 1/1/1963 |
| Armstrong WI Trust | 1938年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Babcock & Wilcox | 1916年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Combustion Engineering | 1916年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Fibreboard | 1938年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| GI Holdings (GAF) | 1965年10月12日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Harbison Walker | 10/24/1970 | 11/13/1971 |
| Keene Corporation | 1920年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Owens Corning | 1934年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Pittsburgh Corning | 7/1/1962 | 1982年12月31日 |
| Porter Hayden | 1928年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
| United States Gypsum | 1938年1月1日 | 1982年12月31日 |
