Asbestos Exposure and Other Cancers

Asbestos cancers can occur in different areas of the body, affecting various types of tissue. As such, each form of asbestos cancer comes with its own unique prognosis and treatment options.

02. Voice Box Cancer

Laryngeal Cancer

喉癌发生在语音盒中或声带周围的组织。喉癌的危险因素包括：

• Asbestos exposure
• 过度饮酒
• Smoking

这种形式的癌症可能会引起诸如喉咙痛，持续性咳嗽或耳朵疼痛之类的症状。医生可以使用许多测试来诊断喉癌。这些测试可能包括体格检查，成像测试以及活检程序和分析。

Approximately 12,600 new cases of pharyngeal cancer occur each year in the United States. It is unclear how many of those cases may be related to asbestos exposure.

Survival Information

喉癌survival depends on several factors, including cancer stage and overall patient health. Depending on the exact location of cancer within the larynx, 5-year survival rates range from 23% to 83%.

Asbestos Link

Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between asbestos and laryngeal cancer. Several of these studies looked at groups of people withoccupational asbestos exposure。

In these groups, researchers found asbestos increased the risk of dying from laryngeal cancer by 43% to more than 167%. This means some studies found asbestos exposure more than doubled a person’s risk of dying from laryngeal cancer.

03.肺癌

肺癌

肺癌在肺组织内发展。它有两种主要形式：小细胞和非小细胞肺癌（SCLC和NSCLC）。肺癌的危险因素包括：

• Asbestos exposure
• Chronic inflammation
• Exposure to carcinogens including asbestos and radon
• Smoking

Patients withasbestos-related lung cancer可能出现的症状,比如咳嗽、疲劳和shortness of breath. Doctors use a combination of physical examination, imaging, blood and biopsy tests to diagnose lung cancer.

Experts estimate there are around 2,000 – 3,200 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States. A small percentage of these cases may be asbestos-related lung cancers.

Survival Information

Lung cancer prognosis depends on stage at diagnosis, treatment choices and patient factors. Reported 5-year survival rates range from 3% to 63% according to the National Cancer Institute.

Asbestos Link

石棉暴露与肺癌之间的联系已通过医学研究很好地建立。一项研究包括暴露于石棉的工人。在这项研究中，这些工人死于肺癌的风险高96％。

Another study found a relationship between the amount and duration of asbestos exposure and lung cancer risk. This means the risk of dying of lung cancer increased as the intensity of asbestos exposure increased.

04. Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

卵巢癌develops in the ovaries. It may arise in any of three main cell types: epithelial cells, germ cells and stromal cells. Risk factors for ovarian cancer include:

• Asbestos exposure
• Having children after age 35
• 拥有卵巢癌或其他癌症的家族史
• 有乳腺癌病史
• Increasing age
• 从来没有足月怀孕
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Undergoing fertility treatment
• 更年期后使用激素疗法

卵巢癌patients commonly experience bloating, abdominal pain, a feeling of fullness and urinary urgency. Doctors use an array of common medical tests to diagnose ovarian cancer. These tests may include a physical exam, imaging tests or biopsies.

Experts estimate approximately 21,400 American women will receive an ovarian cancer diagnosis in 2021.

Survival Information

卵巢癌prognosis depends on a number of factors. In general, earlier diagnosis leads to better outcomes. Depending on cancer stage, 5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer range from 31% to 98%.

Asbestos Link

There are relatively few studies investigating the link between asbestos and ovarian cancer. This stems from the fact that men make up the majority of individuals exposed to asbestos at work. However, a couple of large studies have looked at women with a history of occupational asbestos exposure.

一项研究调查了1,327名帮助制造含石棉面罩的妇女。他们死于卵巢癌的风险比普通人群高48％至175％。

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently released a report on asbestos and cancer. After weighing the available evidence, the IARC group concluded asbestos causes ovarian cancer.

05.其他癌症

其他可能与石棉相关的癌症

Many researchers have studied the potential link between asbestos and various cancers. For some cancers, these studies have been contradictory. Some have found a strong connection between asbestos and certain cancers. Others have found no evidence of the same connection.

需要进行其他研究来确定石棉与下面的癌症之间的真实关系。但是，至少有一些证据表明石棉与以下每种癌症之间的联系。

乳腺癌

乳腺癌发生在乳腺组织中。大多数病例发生在女性中，但男性也可以患乳腺癌。在乳腺癌中发现肿块或肿块是乳腺癌的最常见症状。

研究尚未在石棉和乳腺癌之间建立明确的联系。但是，一项研究确实找到了潜在的联系。研究人员调查了近900,000名芬兰妇女的癌症报告。其中一些妇女从事将她们暴露于石棉的工作。

石棉暴露与乳腺癌风险增加10％至70％有关。

Colon Cancer and Colorectal Cancers

Colorectal cancer occurs in the colon and rectum. The colon is the portion of the large intestine under the stomach. The rectum is the portion of the large intestine that connects the colon to the anus. Colorectal cancers may be called colon or rectal cancer depending on where they start.

A recent study investigated the link between asbestos and colorectal cancer in 14,515 men. It found asbestos exposure associated with a 14% higher than normal risk of colorectal cancers.

食道癌

食道癌是一种在食道内膜中发展的癌症。它有两种主要形式：鳞状细胞癌和腺癌。

At least 25 studies have examined the relationship between asbestos exposure and esophageal cancer. One such study looked at cancer rates in nearly 7,000 Australian asbestos miners. The asbestos miners had a 20% higher risk of dying from esophageal cancer than the general public.

Another study looked at cancers in 3,072 asbestos-exposed workers from South Carolina. These workers were 87% more likely to die of esophageal cancer than the average person.

肾癌

Kidney cancer is a cancer that occurs in one or both kidneys. Early kidney cancers might not cause symptoms. When symptoms do arise, they may include bloody urine, back pain on one side and a lump on the side or lower back.

一些研究未能发现石棉和肾癌之间的关联。但是，最近对近3200名石棉暴露男性的研究确实找到了关系。在这项研究中，任何数量的石棉暴露都与肾癌风险增加20％有关。石棉暴露水平的增加与肾癌的风险更高有关。

Pharyngeal Cancer

Pharyngeal or oropharyngeal cancer is a cancer of the part of the throat just behind the mouth (the pharynx). Almost all pharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.

A relatively small number of studies have investigated the relationship between asbestos and cancer of the pharynx. One study of 58,279 asbestos-exposed men included 53 cases of pharyngeal cancer. The asbestos-exposed men had more than twice the risk of developing pharyngeal cancer as those without asbestos exposure.

但是，作者指出他们的研究相对较小。为了更好地了解石棉和咽癌之间的关系，需要进一步的研究。

前列腺癌

前列腺癌是前列腺中细胞的癌症。大多数前列腺癌是通过早期筛查发现的。

专家估计，将在2021年诊断出约25万例前列腺癌病例。目前尚不清楚其中有多少病例可能与石棉有关。但是，一些研究人员提出了石棉和前列腺癌之间的联系。

A recent study analyzed nearly 16,000 cases of prostate cancer. These cases occurred among a study group of more than 700,000 people. Asbestos exposure increased the risk of prostate cancer by approximately 10%. However, cases of environmental or occupational asbestos exposure carried a 25% increased risk of prostate cancer.

researchers concluded asbestos exposure seems to increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Stomach Cancer

Stomach or gastric cancer is a cancer of the cells in the stomach. Experts estimate approximately 27,000 new cases of stomach cancer will occur in the United States in 2021. Some of them may be asbestos-related, but the evidence is still inconclusive.

A few studies have found a link between asbestos exposure and stomach cancer. Recently, investigators analyzed cancer cases across 32 different medical studies. They found asbestos exposure increased the risk of dying from stomach cancer by 19%.

Another study looked at the incidence of stomach cancer in people exposed to asbestos-contaminated talcum powder. Among more than 580,000 people, the researchers found nearly 22,000 talc users.

滑石粉暴露的个体的风险是患胃癌与非暴露个体的两倍以上。研究人员得出结论，（被石棉污染）滑石粉与胃癌之间可能存在联系。

06. What to Do

What to Do if You Were Exposed to Asbestos

Numerous cancers have been linked to asbestos exposure. Individuals with a history of asbestos exposure may want to speak with a physician. Doctors can help advise patients on the best ways to monitor for potential石棉相关癌症的症状并建议可能的筛选。

这可能有助于确定早期阶段的任何潜在石棉癌。通常，较早的癌症检测允许更多治疗选择和更好的生存期。