吸烟和间皮瘤万博专业版

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01.概述

万博专业版间皮瘤和吸烟

吸烟和间皮瘤之间没有直接联系，因为癌症的唯一已知原因是石棉暴露。万博专业版但是，研究表明，如果发生石棉暴露，吸烟是间皮瘤的危险因素。万博专业版

发展的风险增加万博专业版在某种程度上是由于吸烟者肺中的纤毛较少（将碎屑从气道移出）所引起的。每次抽烟时，纤毛的功能暂时受损。由于长期吸烟导致纤毛较少，肺无法正确清洁危险颗粒，例如石棉纤维。

纤毛的工作进一步使粘液水平升高和吸烟者肺中的氧气摄入量降低变得更加复杂。粘液不仅会引起感染，还可能捕获石棉纤维。这些纤维产生的疤痕被肺部内的肺泡或空气囊所加重。吸烟时肺泡受损，导致肺部更多的疤痕。疤痕阻碍了氧气的摄入，这可能会升级由于肺部存在石棉而遇到的任何呼吸困难。

在高风险行业工作的人中，石棉暴露和吸烟的风险可能更加严重。Occupational asbestos exposure是间皮瘤和其他石棉疾病的最常见原因，估计每年有1.25亿万博专业版人在工作中接触过石棉。由于发病率很高，国家癌症研究所建议，经历过职业接触的人不应吸烟或戒烟以减轻间皮瘤的风险。万博专业版通常，工人在长时间的时间内会面临较高浓度的石棉纤维的暴露，从而增加了间皮瘤的风险。万博专业版如果这些工人还吸烟，香烟中的石棉和毒素会进一步刺激和疤痕肺组织，这可能会导致石棉癌的发展和进展，而不是通常的长期长。潜伏期10 - 50年。

一旦癌症发展，继续吸烟也会使间皮瘤患者的整体生活质量恶化。万博专业版研究表明，吸烟加剧了与pleural mesothelioma, such as shortness of breath and cough. Smoking after diagnosis can also worsen side effects experienced from common treatments, as well as lessen the effectiveness of the treatments. Smoking may also lead to a co-occurring cancer diagnosis, such as non-asbestos lung cancer, oral cancer or esophageal cancer, among others.

戒烟会立即改善整体健康状况，并降低间皮瘤和许多其他癌症的风险。万博专业版对于某些癌症患者，戒烟的好处可能包括改善血液碳一氧化碳水平的循环和标准化。研究还表明，它可能会增加预期寿命，并将死亡的风险降低30％至40％。

02. Asbestosis

Smoking and Asbestosis

Asbestosis是一种慢性肺部疾病，在经历石棉暴露后发展。随着时间的流逝，对石棉纤维的吸入会导致肺组织的疤痕和炎症。研究人员认为，吸烟者的石棉风险升高，因为吸烟者的肺已经受到烟的肺部受损，并且面临着毒性纤维的额外疤痕和刺激。在石棉暴露之前吸烟对肺部的损害最终允许肺部更多的石棉纤维，从而导致疾病的快速发展。

研究还表明，二手或环境烟草烟雾可以增加石棉和其他的风险Asbestos cancersfor fetuses. The exposure to smoke when in utero can alter the child’s immune response to asbestos later in life, making them more susceptible to disease after asbestos exposure. The risk is compounded when the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke continues into early development.

For smokers diagnosed with asbestosis, the severity of the condition and its symptoms increase with age. Asbestosis treatment options are focused on improving a patient’s ability to breathe through use of inhalers and other medications. Smoking can disrupt the benefits from the treatment regime. Additionally, among both smokers and nonsmokers, those who have asbestosis have an elevated risk of developing lung cancer and mesothelioma, making treatment even more important.

03. Asbestos Lung Cancer

与石棉有关的肺癌和吸烟

研究发现Asbestos-related lung cancer约占所有肺癌诊断的3％。尽管吸烟是肺癌的最常见原因，但接触石棉也可以在肺组织中发展导致该疾病的肿瘤。

在吸烟者和有石棉的人中，与石棉相关的肺癌的风险更加复杂。一项分析绝缘剂中肺癌患病率的研究发现，吸烟者的癌症发生率增加，他们也暴露于工作中的石棉。特别是，研究人员发现：

• Smokers who faced asbestos exposure were 14.4 times as likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers.
• 在患有石棉病并且仍然吸烟的工人中，肺癌的风险比非吸烟者高37倍。
• 石棉暴露和吸烟导致肺癌死亡的风险是非吸烟者的28倍以上。

While smoking causes an increased lung cancer risk in asbestos workers, studies have shown that after quitting smoking there is a significant drop in incidence rate. Thirty years after quitting smoking, asbestos workers have the same risk of developing lung cancer as a nonsmoker. In a 2013 study, researchers found that within 10 years of quitting, participants’ lung cancer mortality rates were the same as those who had never smoked. In the study, lung cancer mortality was 177 deaths per 10,000 among current smokers, and after participants quit, smoking mortality dropped to 90 deaths per 10,000.

04. Asbestos in Cigarettes

香烟中石棉

Asbestos has known fire-retardant properties and because of this ability, the carcinogen was used as an additive in Lorillard’s Kent cigarette filters. The company’s filters were made with crocidolite asbestos from 1952 – 1956. One filter from a Kent cigarette manufactured during this time period contained 10 mg of crocidolite. Within the first two puffs of an asbestos-containing cigarette, microscopic asbestos fibers could be found in the cigarette smoke. If a person smoked a pack of these Kent cigarettes a day, they would inhale more than 100 million crocidolite fibers a year.

一项研究，分析生产含石棉的香烟过滤器的工人中与石棉相关疾病的研究发现疾病率升高。在评估的33名男性中，有8例死于肺癌，5例因恶性间皮瘤而死亡，五人因石棉病造成。万博专业版此外，在仍然活着的工人中，有四例石棉病和两个肺癌诊断。

Anyone who smoked or was exposed to a loved one’s cigarette smoke from Kent cigarettes at this time should consult a doctor about their increased risk of asbestos-related diseases.